BUFFELS RIVER: Topography, geology and soils

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Map of the BUFFELS River

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TOPOGRAPHY
Kleinzee has rocky hills.  The Buffels River has large, vegetation- covered white sand hummocks (Burrage, 1978).   (Ref 1)
    GEOLOGY                                    
Most of the area around the mouth consists of scrub-covered dunes, which show evidence of cross bedding in places.  Inland, outcrops of calcrete eroded by marine terraces can be found and there is also evidence of strong metamorphic action.  (Ref 1)
The rocks in the area of the Buffels River are known as the Buffels, Marine Complex, which is a name given to the geological formations in the area by the geologists at Kleinsee.  At the mouth these rocks belong predominantly to the Namaqualand-Natal granite gneiss series, which are seen as seaward dipping layered formations of quartz, micacious gneiss and schists (De Beers, 1979).  (Ref 1)
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    SOILS                                    
The Buffels River exhibits fine to medium, quartzitic sand (125 to 500 μm) with fine silt (7.8 to 15.6 μm) in places along its river course, but the typical fluvial sediment is coarse sand, 500 to 1000 μm (CSIR, 1981c; Cornelissen, 1968).
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  References                                      

Ref 1:  CSIR  (1981),  Estuaries of the Cape , Part II. Synopses of available information on individual systems. Report no. 2. Buffels (CW3). CSIR Research Report 401.
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